Shakespeare Name Essays - William Shakespeare,

Shakespeare Name Was the man we know as Shakespeare really the author of the "Shakespearean Works"? We know little about the man called Shakespeare, Did he really write the plays, or is he just a man that got confused within history? (Sobran 44) There is not even a correct spelling of this mans name, Some of the spellings include Shakspere, Shakespeare, And Shaxpere. Shakespeare, Is it the man, Or is it another? (Hayes 1D) Shakespeare is both fact and fiction, he was no concern until nearly two hundred years after he perished, and there is still no definite or probably will there ever be a conclusion to this mystery. (Sobran 44) There is another man that can be attributed with the works of "Shakespeare", His name is Edward DeVere, the 17th Earl of Oxford. (Bethell 47) The man known as Shakespeare does not fit perfectly into the necessary criteria to determine the author of these works. Thomas Looney invented a series of criteria that had to be filled, in order to be a possible candidate for the authorship of the Shakespearean works. To have all the knowledge that is portrayed in the works, the author must have accomplished many things. These including a superior education, from what we know of "Shakespeare", this was not a possibility.(Bethell 46) We do not even know if Shakespeare has ever written anything in his life, Nor do we know that he was paid for writing these works. The man Shakespeare does not even make a claim that he is the author.(Bethell 50) He may not have been able to write the simplest thing of all, His own name.(Hayes 1D) Its not how little we know about Shakespeare that causes confusion and difficulty, Its the things that we do know about this man that cause the confusion and difficulty. We know Shakespears father, a glover,trader, and landowner, could not write. When he signed documents, he simply made an "X", This is why it is beleived that Shakespeare could not write also, Because he probably did not attend school therefore his education was passed down from his father. (Bethell 48) Shakespeare's farther married Mary Arden, the daughter of an affluent landowner of Wilmcote. John Shakespeare was ambitious, We do know much more about the man Edward DeVere. We know that because deVere was a nobleman, he could not have his name written upon his writings because he would be considered of a lower class. The plays contain a sense of hate towards some of the noblemen of that time period, which also point the authorship towards DeVere. (Hayes 1D) When DeVere was a young man, he spent a lot of time in Italy and Europe, This could explain the great detail used in the Shakespearean plays of Venice, and other European locations.(Sobran 45) The sonnets have never been able to fit into Shakespears life, On the other hand they fit into DeVere's life well. (Sobran 45) There are facts that lean both ways in this age old mystery of authorship, Though the Strafordian man does not fit into the story very well, He may have some advantages that the Oxfordian man may not. DeVere on the other hand, has mostly every fact pointing towards him as the valid author for the "Shakespearean" works, From his education, to his experiences, to his travel. The Oxfordian seems to come out on top. How do we know that Shakespeare wrote Shakespeare?. We dont actually, We can only assume that Shakespeare wrote Shakespeare. Yet there will always be the people who feel that he didnt write his own work and say that he is just a myth and not a man. The world can only be in wonder if Shakespeare wrote his own work because there is no evidence that he really did. Even if there was there would still be the people who say that he didnt.

Verbification at Work

Verbification at Work Verbification at Work Verbification at Work By Maeve Maddox Trudy Ripka writes I have come across recipes which are made into healthier versions of the original.   My problem is accepting the word HEALTHIFIED.   There is a particular site which uses this and a lot of the readers dislike the term; I am included.   This could be a case of verbing adjectives. Whatever we call it, something is going on. Apparently just about any word can be turned into an -ify verb and then back-formed into a -tion noun. healthify and healthification: â€Å"Healthified† Fluffy Orange Fruit Dip â€Å"Healthified† Chicken Pot Pie `Healthification and the Promises of Urban Space Fit or Fad: The Healthification Of Starbucks Foodstuffs greenify and greenification: Greenify for Better Business 5 Ways to Greenify Your Home How have you greenified your home? The Greenification of Walmart friendify and friendification: Youll now receive a Friendifcation Notification. . . when a member adds you to their friends list. our current MySpace policy is to friendify anyone with an interesting looking avatar . . . If you get friendified by someone you dont know, its probably because you have a cool avatar. blogify and blogification: Creativity Has Now Been Blogified So we have blog-this and blog-that, basically everything has been blogified . . . blogify: To dramatize or overexaggerate. To describe otherwise bland subjects in a horribly depressing and/or dramatic manner. To make dreary . . . Urban Dictionary I’m wondering when the schools are going to get around to grammifying their students. I’d say that a little grammification is in order. Joking aside, use drives usage. When a word is felt to meet a need by a large number of speakers, it will find a place in the language. The word gentrification, for example, has won acceptance with the meaning The process by which an (urban) area is rendered middle-class. OED The fate of these new -ify verbs is uncertain. Many of the writers who are using them are uncomfortable enough to enclose them in quotation marks. Writers and speakers who don’t want them to catch on can choose not to use them. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Based in" and "based out of"When to Form a Plural with an Apostrophe10 Terms for the Common People

PEPT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PEPT - Essay Example This economic indicator is very important for Able Corporation because it includes prefabricated and modular housing; mobile homes are also included, but are treated separately. Hotels, motels, nursing homes, dormitories, and conversions are excluded. For multiunit buildings (e.g., apartments and condominiums), construction on all units is considered to begin on the same day. The totals are adjusted to reflect the time lag between permit issuance and the actual start of construction and the number of projects that are canceled after permit issuance. The factors used to perform these scaling and adjustments are produced by surveys of sites, owners of sampled buildings, and local panels of persons knowledgeable about new construction (Rogers 1994). The main limitation of this forecast is that annual housing start statistics have varied from 2 million during a strong rebound to 850,000 during an economic downturn. As the American population increases, the average number of housing starts during a normal economic growth period also increases. Under current conditions an annual housing start rate of about 1.2 million indicates a modestly growing economy. Another economic indicator is expenditures for residential construction. ... It is closely tied to and responsive to interest rates. Residential construction is estimated by adjusting the data reported by the F. W. Dodge Division of the McGraw-Hill Information Systems Company for additional costs not covered by the Dodge estimates, projects not covered by the survey, and geographical areas not covered (Tainer 1993). Researchers admit that in some cases, statistical results can be incomplete or inaccurate which create problems for such industries as PEPT. There are several weaknesses in the monthly figure that limit its usefulness as both a general economic indicator and an indicator of consumer activity. Residential construction tends to be volatile due to weather, fashion, and other unpredictable factors. Expenditures for commercial construction are estimated from progress reports solicited from a sample of such projects. The monthly values derived are converted to constant dollars by applying different cost indexes that have been derived for each category of construction. These indices are used in short-term cyclical and long-term growth analyses, used to estimate the current volume of the economic activity in this segment of the U.S. economy, and have an important impact on employment in the construction and building-materials industries and on additions to capital stocks of structures in the private and public sectors. Still, critics admit that there are major changes occurring in the automobile industry that diminish the significance of these periodic reports as a forecasting tool. The forth tool is expenditures for home repairs and improvement. A sample of home repairs and improvement representing

Strategic Management of Apple Inc. and Samsung Group Assignment

Strategic Management of Apple Inc. and Samsung Group - Assignment Example Strategic management, as used in most businesses simply refers to the process of identifying and describing the strategies that managers use in achieving better performance and competitive advantages for their business organizations (Jeyarathnam, 2008). A business can be described as having competitive advantages when its profitability at the end of the trading period is higher when compared to average profitability for other businesses in the same industry (Markides, 2008). Strategic management can be described as a set of acts and decisions that managers undertake that results in the firm’s effective performance (Jeyarathnam, 2008). The manager is expected to have a comprehensive analysis and knowledge of the competitive and general business environment in order to arrive at right decisions that enhance the success of the organization. In doing this, managers are supposed to conduct a SWOT analysis of their organizations consistently (David, 2005). From the SWOT analysis, they are able to effectively utilize their strengths for better performance and success, minimize their weaknesses, and exploit the opportunities identified in the business environment (Jeffs, 2008). Additionally, the SWOT analysis helps them to identify their threats, thus establishing better strategies and approaches they can use to remain competitive. From this process, it can be deduced that strategic management, as applied in business organizations, involves much planning about many predictable and unfeasible contingencies (Markides, 2008). The process applies to small, medium and large organizations because even small organizations often face competition just like other businesses (Jeyarathnam, 2008). This paper examines the concept of strategic management as it applies at Apple Inc., and Samsung, which are among the world’s largest renowned companies in the manufacture and sale of consumer electronics. Apple has been a successful company since it's in 1976.  

Pharmacology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Pharmacology - Assignment Example Add up to shirking of pharmacological medicine in pregnancy is not conceivable and may be unsafe in light of the fact that some ladies enter pregnancy with medicinal conditions that oblige progressing and long winded medication. (Patel, 2009) Likewise throughout pregnancy new therapeutic issues can improve and old ones might be obliging pharmacological treatment. The way that certain pills given throughout pregnancy might demonstrate destructive to the unborn kid is one of the traditional issues in medicinal medication. In 1979, Food and Drug Administration advanced a framework that figures out the teratogenic danger of medications by recognizing the nature of information from creature and human studies. FDA orders different pills utilized as a part of pregnancy into five classes, classifications A, B, C, D and X. Classification An is recognized the most secure class and class X is completely contraindicated in pregnancy. This furnishes remedial direction for the clinician. (Patel, 2 009) Current FDA Categories for Drug Use in Pregnancy (Meadows, 2001) Category Description A Satisfactory, generally regulated studies in pregnant ladies have not demonstrated an expanded danger of fetal irregularities. B Creature studies have uncovered no confirmation of mischief to the embryo, nonetheless, there are no sufficient and generally regulated studies in pregnant ladies. Or Creature studies have demonstrated an unfavorable impact, yet satisfactory and overall regulated studies in pregnant ladies have neglected to show a danger to the embryo. C Creature studies have demonstrated an unfriendly impact and there are no satisfactory and generally regulated studies in pregnant ladies. Or No creature studies have been directed and there are no satisfactory and decently regulated studies in pregnant ladies. D Studies, sufficient overall regulated or observational, in pregnant ladies have showed a danger to the embryo. On the other hand, the profits of help may exceed the potenti al danger. X Studies, sufficient overall regulated or observational, in creatures or pregnant ladies have showed positive confirmation of fetal variations from the norm. The utilization of the item is contraindicated in ladies who are or might get pregnant. 2. Explain why very young children are considered "highly" sensitive to drugs. Be sure to include the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics factors that can affect this sensitivity. Answer Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are altogether different in junior youngsters. For the dominant part of pills, in youngsters and also mature people, a relationship exists between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The pharmacokinetics of numerous medications differ with age (Keams, 1998). Case in point, in view of the quick changes in size, form organization, and organ capacity that happen throughout the first year of life, clinicians and additionally pharmacokineticists and toxicologists are exhibited with tests in recommending safe a nd viable measurements of helpful operators (Milsap and Jusko, 1994). The restorative esteem of comprehension distinctions in pharmacokinetics on account of developmental variables therefore depends on a capability to comprehend better the measurements versus fixation versus impact profile for a

The tragedy of Hamlet

The tragedy of Hamlet Feminism is the movement that advocates for womens right, interests, and gender equality. A feminist lens can be used by writers to show injustices in women through aspects such as sexual objectification and stereotyping. In ShakespearesThe Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, character Ophelia can be analyzed through a feminist lens to better understand her purpose in the play and Shakespeares views of women in society. Freudian critic, Jacques Lacan answers a very prominent question. What is the point of the character of Ophelia? Obviously she is essential, for she is linked forever, for centuries, to the figure of Hamlet.(Lacan) Ophelia is used as a character to develop Hamlet. Her motives seem dominated by the characters around her with whom she interacts with, until she is driven to madness. In a sense, Ophelia is a sympathetic and engaging pawn in the drama that is surrounded by powerful men; her father Polonius, her brother Laertes, and Hamlet. Her madness can be linked to the abandonment of these men; Laertes leaves, Polonius dies, and Hamlet abandons her, because she no longer has the authority of the male world. By developing Ophelia as a character that relies on other mens judgements, Shakespeare supports principles of feminism stating that women are oppressed by men in society. A critical reading of Act 3, Scene 1 uses the interaction between Hamlet and Ophelia to apply a feminist reading. In this scene, Hamlet has just given his To be, or not to be soliloquy when Ophelia enters to converse with Hamlet. Through a feminist perspective, the significance of the scene comes when Ophelia asks Could beauty, my lord, have better commerce than with honesty? (line 111) and Hamlet replies Ay, truly, for the power of beauty will sooner transformhonesty from what it is to a bawd than the force of honesty can translate beauty into his likeness. (lines 113-115). The text serves as a reflection of the internal thoughts of Hamlet. Hamlet at the moment is dealing with a life crisis. His father was killed by his uncle, his mother has remarried, and the ghost of his father has urged him to revenge his death. The text shows how Hamlet has stereotyped all women as whores because he feels that his mother has forgotten about his father far too quickly. In the same scene, Hamlet f urther explains his thoughts of women as he remarks if thou wilt needs marry, marry a fool, for wise men know well enough what monsters you make of them. (lines 139-141). He is lashing at Ophelia by telling her that women are unfaithful and driven by lust. As Hamlet accuses Ophelia of being like all other women he has once again stereotyped women in society. As a whole, both of these examples have helped the reader to understand William Shakespeares views of women in society as dependent on men and weak because they are driven by desire. The basic principles of a feminist theory state that the relationship between men and women has almost always been unequal and oppressive. The extent of inequality and oppressiveness has varied through history. That know societies have been patriarchal. Patriarchy is a system in which males dominate females. That all major social institutions have been characterized by male dominance in aspects such as economy, political system and family. A feminist theory also explain that sex and gender are not the same thing because sex is a biological category while gender is a social condition. French feminist philosopher Simone de Beauvoir writes One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman. The belief of difference in sex and gender also means that, males and females are socialized to become masculine and feminine. These are social characteristics implied by society, not biological essences. Novelist Simone de Beauvoir wrote a founding document of modern feminism in 1949.The Second Sexchanged the lives of many women. The Second Sex is one of the earliest attempts to confront human history from a feminist perspective shown through the effort of Beauvoir to locate the source of imbalanced gender roles in society. Today, many regard this masterwork as not only as pillar of feminist thought but of twentieth-century philosophy in general. The thesis of The Second Sex is that men fundamentally oppress women by characterizing them, on every level, as the Other, defined exclusively in opposition to men. Beauvoir believes that man occupies the role of subject while the woman is left as the other. Man is essential and absolute while woman is inessential and incomplete. The distinction that is basis for many of Beauvoirs later arguments; he creates, acts, or invents while she waits for him to save her. De Beauvoir writes that it is natural for humans to understand opposition to oth ers, however, the process does not apply to sex because by defining a woman as other, man is denying her of humanity. In Book II of the chronicles of the Second Sex, she traces the development of a woman through stages of life which include her childhood, her youth, and her sexual initiation. By doing so she proves that women are not born feminine, but instead are shaped by external forces. In this book, De Beauvoir shows how females are conditioned to accept passivity and dependence in every stage of her life. Processes in society deprive women of equality and oppress her into the other. After being denied the possibility of independent work or fulfillment, the woman must accept a life of housework, childbearing, and sexual slavishness. Beauvoir then continues to analyze the roles of woman in adulthood. She states that woman performs three major functions; wife, mother, and entertainer. The Feminine Mystique, written by Betty Friedan is another feminist novel that is regarded as one of the most influential books of the 20th century. Friedan expressed her beliefs that women are victims of a false belief system that forces them to find identity and meaning in their lives through the role of a housewife and mother. Such a system terminates a womans possibility of developing their own identity and forces them to come to terms with the identity as a housewife and mother through her husband and children. Friedan stressed her belief that women would only be liberated if they were given the same economic opportunities as men. Like wise, resolutions to oppression of women in society have the same views on liberation of women. To achieve liberation women must acquire economic power, by providing women with such opportunities, this will provide access to other forms of power. Such power includes political, ideological, and power within a family. Affirming Ophelia an independent character is difficult because she seems to not have past. In opposition to Hamlet, his past is known through the death of his father, his childhood and education, and the reader is informed of the relationship between Hamlet and his old friends. Ophelia does not seem to have a past. Thus, making it difficult to develop her character as independent. Shakespeare keeps Ophelia as a mysterious character, only appearing in five of the plays scenes. The relationship between her and Hamlet is only knows through scarce flashbacks of Ophelia. Feminist critic Juliet Dusinberre notices that the reason for Ophelias lack of independence is a result of a repressive double standard inherited in our traditions. Her father, Polonius, allows his son to become independent by leaving for the university to pursue his wild oats. He does so in order for Laertes to learn from his errors and how to be true to himself. For, if he can be true to himself then he shall be true t o other men. However, his daughter must not rely on her own judgement. Instead, he advices her to think yourself a baby (I.III.line 105) Her brother, Laertes, advised best safety lies in fear (I.III.line 43). Laertes is stating that fear will keep his sister safe. Ophelias sense of right and wrong is based on other peoples judgement. Ophelia does not ever given the opportunity to develop her own independent conscious. Her dependance on the male world is shown through her statement, I do not know, my lord, what I should think. (I.III.line 104). In accordance with the thesis of Beauvoir, Ophelia is being characterized as the other, she is deprived of the opportunity to develop herself as an individual. Instead she is oppressed into an incomplete character who is manipulated by the ideal of the men in her life. Even her internal thoughts are controlled, she is taught what is acceptable to believe and how she should live her life. Laertes and Polonius are even in control of her emotions , deciding who she may fall in love with. In the end, Ophelias individuality is robbed from her simply because she is a woman and seen as naive. In accordance with Friedan, Ophelia is an example of a woman who has been manipulated by a false belief system because she is led to believe that her father and brother ultimately know what is best for her. In a sense, she is brainwashed by the opinions and advice of the men who manipulate her life. Ophelia has lost her desire to uncover her own identity and sadly, in the end driven insane. Ophelias insanity can be seen as the lack of liberation she received, she was unable to come to terms with her identity as a stereotypical maiden. Male characters such as Hamlet, the King, and Hamlets father are prioritized through the play. Shakespeare has used such dominant characters to develop the tragedy. Hamlets father is killed by his brother who takes his wife and kingdom. Hamlet is then responsible for the revenge of his fathers murder. One may ask why Shakespeare chose to give the role of a protagonist to a male instead of a female. In this case, why did Shakespeare use Hamlet to avenge the murder? Why wasnt Gertrude given that role? Feminist critics suggest that the oppression of even female characters was a result of the gender structure of Elizabethan times. Female characters, Opelia and Gertrude, were not as critical in the play. Instead, they were used as pawns to further develop the character of the males. In the case of Gertrude, she is the object for which Hamlet feels possessive of. The fact that she re-married her husbands father short of his death is one of the prominent reasons that Hamlets actions are seen as insane. Ophelia played a similar role, she developed Hamlet as a character that was slowly turning mad. Shakespeare is able to portray Ophelia as inessential because once Hamlet turns mad, she follows shortly. Leading the reader to believe that Ophelia is lost without male direction which she has been so dependent upon. An important critical question being asked through out is what will be the resolution of the play? The reader closely follows Hamlet who has the obligation to avenge his fathers death. The ghost of his father urges him to murder Claudius, an eye for an eye. Only by doing so will he be able to re-establish the peace that has turned to chaos. However, Hamlet knows that morally, murder is incorrect and cant seem to bring himself to do so. He tries to contemplate alternative decisions but instead begins to turn insane, realizing that there are no other alternatives. Shakespeare seems to use Hamlet to avenge death rather than Gertrude because as a male figure, he has more power and complexity than a female. Another critical question that can be asked is why is Hamlets insanity so significant? Ophelia is also turning mad but Shakespeare seems to focus on the issues of Hamlet rather than Ophelia. Through questions such as these, he reader can understand that a woman who was turning crazy wa s a lost cause, however, a man was a complex individual who could find resolution. These questions are a further example of oppression of women. The reader must be familiar with Shakespearean time in order to fully understand the meaning and interpret the text, in particular, the Elizabethan era (1558-1603). This era is often considered to be the golden age in English history. Being the height of the english renaissance, this era developed english poetry music, and literature. Most importantly, elizabethan theatre flourished. The role of women in society was relatively unconstrained. In contrast to different cultures, women enjoyed freedom. Feminist critics agree that history has been dominated by men, where woman have simply served as mirrors to superior men. Modern feminism explains that women in the past havent been better understood due to their lack of possession of an identity, other than the one that has been given to them by more dominant characters. Through a feminist perspective the reader understands that Ophelia was a tragic character with a lost identity that came about after male forces no longer determined her actions.

Networking :: Free Essay Writer

Networking For my independent study, I have created a network in my house. A network by definition are more than one computer that are linked together electronically via a protocol (common language) so the computers can communicate and share resources. This network improves the day-to-day life by adding value and usefulness to the computers. The processes and ideas that I have learned thru this experience can be applied directly into today’s rich electronic business environment. Identifying the needs of the user is the first step for building a well-designed Network. A professional installation was needed to maintain the aesthetics of the rental house. Most of the wires are run in the attic and then down plastic conduit attached to the wall. The conduit is run all the way to the wall boxes where the Ethernet ports are located. Every wire is clearly labeled and included in an easy to read schematic of the house. This way future tenants will have the ability to utilize the network. Next, every room needed to have access to the network. In order to minimize the overall use of wires, hubs were placed in strategic locations. An 8-port 10/100-megabit auto-sensing hub is located in the computer room and a 5 port 10-megabit in the sound room. There, needed to be docking stations, so laptop users or visiting computers could easily plug into the network and utilize the pre-existing monitor, keyboard, and mouse. These are the basic needs that have been put int o the design of the network. Each computer setup is unique with certain strengths and weaknesses. The network takes advantage of the strengths of each individual computer and makes them available to all users. A network essentially expands the capabilities of each computer by increasing functionality thru resource sharing. In the house, there are a total of four computers and two laptops. Processing speed and an abundance of ram is not essential for a server with such low traffic. Thus the most antiquated computer was elected for this function. Between all the computers, we have several extra pieces of hardware such as a zip drive, CDRW, DVD ROM, scanner, and multiple printers. Each piece of hardware is dispersed between the computers. There were several immediate efficiencies that occurred when the network went operational. The zip drive is located on the server while the CDRW is located on one of the individual workstations. Networking :: Free Essay Writer Networking For my independent study, I have created a network in my house. A network by definition are more than one computer that are linked together electronically via a protocol (common language) so the computers can communicate and share resources. This network improves the day-to-day life by adding value and usefulness to the computers. The processes and ideas that I have learned thru this experience can be applied directly into today’s rich electronic business environment. Identifying the needs of the user is the first step for building a well-designed Network. A professional installation was needed to maintain the aesthetics of the rental house. Most of the wires are run in the attic and then down plastic conduit attached to the wall. The conduit is run all the way to the wall boxes where the Ethernet ports are located. Every wire is clearly labeled and included in an easy to read schematic of the house. This way future tenants will have the ability to utilize the network. Next, every room needed to have access to the network. In order to minimize the overall use of wires, hubs were placed in strategic locations. An 8-port 10/100-megabit auto-sensing hub is located in the computer room and a 5 port 10-megabit in the sound room. There, needed to be docking stations, so laptop users or visiting computers could easily plug into the network and utilize the pre-existing monitor, keyboard, and mouse. These are the basic needs that have been put int o the design of the network. Each computer setup is unique with certain strengths and weaknesses. The network takes advantage of the strengths of each individual computer and makes them available to all users. A network essentially expands the capabilities of each computer by increasing functionality thru resource sharing. In the house, there are a total of four computers and two laptops. Processing speed and an abundance of ram is not essential for a server with such low traffic. Thus the most antiquated computer was elected for this function. Between all the computers, we have several extra pieces of hardware such as a zip drive, CDRW, DVD ROM, scanner, and multiple printers. Each piece of hardware is dispersed between the computers. There were several immediate efficiencies that occurred when the network went operational. The zip drive is located on the server while the CDRW is located on one of the individual workstations.

Biblical Criticisms

The Bible is unarguable the most circulated book of all books in the world. It has been translated to several languages in different versions. The book has been described as the world’s best and most widely distributed book by the Guinness Book of Record. The Bible has been read by more people and published in more languages than any other book in history. It was estimated that within the period of 1815-1975 alone, 2. 5 billion copies sold.Record has also shown us that at the end of 1993, the Bible has been fully translated into 337 different languages in the world while over 2,062 languages have translations of at least one book of the Bible. Due to its wide-spread influence, the Bible has been written by various Bible societies for easier comprehension and from their revelations. This has resulted in some textual difference in these various versions of the Bible.The question is how can the original meaning of scriptures that have divergent textual interpretations by these ve rsions be known? The answer to this is Biblical criticism. What then is Biblical Criticism? In its simplest form, this term is an umbrella term for the critical study and appraisal of textual, compositional and historical questions of Biblical scriptures without recourse to revelation. It uses the canon of reason rather than and historical principles in its study.Summarily, the query inquisition made in biblical criticism concerns the preservation and transmission of biblical text and scriptures, this includes the manuscripts in which the text has been preserved, the date, its setting, its relationship, and what the most reliable form of the text is; the source and composition of the text, together with when and where it was created, how, why, by whom, for whom, and in what situation it was created, what were the influence that were work when it was produced, and what sources were used in its composition; and the message of the text as expressed in its language, including the meanin g of the words as well as the way in which they are arranged in meaningful forms of expression. There are different forms of biblical criticisms. Some of them have been in existence as far back as eighteenth century. The major types of biblical criticism are form criticism, textual criticism, philological criticism, literary criticism, traditional criticism.There are also forms of biblical criticisms that have come to existence over the years. They are the literary approach, social-scientific criticism, cultural hermeneutics under which is canonical criticism. For the purpose of this essay, more attention will be drawn on the more recent form biblical criticism; the canonical criticism. Canonical criticism as the more recent form of biblical criticism is a form of cultural hermeneutic approach of biblical criticism that deals with the theological form of interpretation that puts into the center of its study the community background within which the text was produced and from which i t is to be read.It is a form of biblical criticism that deals with how scripture’s final form was created in the context of a believing community and how the interpretations produced by that final form continually guides the reading practices such community. Canonical criticism as a form of biblical criticism has greatly affected biblical study in our world today. As a theological form of biblical study, it preaches that we ought to read Scripture from a universal perspective and not individualistically but as part of a worshiping community of fellow believers. It also seeks a practical goal in that it entails reading the Scripture not just for academic or aesthetic reasons but in order to inhabit its narrative, to have our imagination converted to its values, and to promote love of God and neighbor. In addition to this, it serves as a historic framework.For canonical critics, we ought to read Scripture in conversation with previous generations of believers, especially those of the pre-modern period. Reference: †¢ Greenslade, S. L. , ed. â€Å"Cambridge History of the Bible†. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1963. †¢ Gurthrie, D. â€Å"Canon of Scripture†, In the New International Dictionary of the Christian Church†, Rev. ed. J. D. Douglas, ed. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1974. †¢ Kenyon, F. G. â€Å"Handbook to the textual Criticism of the New Testament†, London: Macmillan and Co. , 1901. †¢ Biblical criticism. (2008). In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved March 28, 2008, from Encyclopedia Britannica Online: http://www. britannica. com/eb/article-9079097Back to top

Jahind Davis 7-4 Essays (1342 words) - Boxing, Sports, Free Essays

Jahind Davis 7-4 Essays (1342 words) - Boxing, Sports, Free Essays Jahind Davis 7-4 March 6th.2017 Muhammad Ali (1942-2016) [pic] Born to Cassius Clay Sr. and Odessa Grady Clay on January 17th , 1942, Louisville Kentucky Muhammad Ali became one of the most influential black sports figure in history. During his early childhood he endured one specific event in which, in 1953 the red & white Schwinn was stolen. He quoted that ,"I'm gonna whup whoever stole my bike. So naturally he went and reported it to fellow police officer,Joe martin. Luckily enough on it's own it had sparked an idea for Joe Martin to undergo teaching him how to box for a total of 6 years.After graduating Louisville Central High school in 1958, 376 out of 391 his compassion of boxing became even more noticeable. After that the sessions went on, and Joe had noticed his admiration for it so it had pulled more of his work ethic and determination along with his Amateur tittles. So he fought all the way to the 1960 Olympics. Where from there had shot him to the greatest match yet. His first professional match, so in October 29th,1960 he played his first match against Tunney Hunsaker So Ali's reaching of 178 cm a rather fierce intimidating figure had became a deterrent. After a egregious bloodied 6 round match Ali won in an unanimous decision. Outside the ring he was vocal about some of his views and opinions on some of the current problems facing the majority of blacks or African Americans at the time being. Albeit he didn't experience the same problems to a draconian degree that most Blacks suffered, but he found a way to do so through using his popularity. He stated that "I know i got it made while other black folks are out there catching hell, but as long as they ain't free, i ain't free." Also to embellish on this statement in 1964 he changed his name from Cassius Clay to Muhammad Ali, Muhammad meaning "The one worthy of praise." He further stated that he changed it because it was a slave name. Which of course at the time influence blacks to do things to lessen the oppression by whites at the time. Along with this he joined The NOI or Nation Of Islam, a religious following that fuses Black Nationalism and Sunni part of Islam. So on May 25,1965 Ali had won a bout to the beforehand unbeatable at the time to Sonny Liston(1930-1972), so during that match Ali had won dominantly towards the 6th round carrying on to the 7th round. So after that he had won the title of World Heavyweight Champion. Outside the ring he done something that had put everything including his career on the line. But before here is a time line of the military and him. In 1964 Ali had failed the USAF qualifying test because he wasn't versatile with reading and writing. So with the rising of the infamous Vietnam War(1959-1975),the government needed more soldiers to use for battle so test standards were lowered so more people who weren't educated which was 2.4 percent based on the NAAL (National Association of Adult Literacy) allowed for Ali to be qualified again. So in 1965 that caused for Ali to be reclassified as an 1-A in February of 1966. This casted a new status, eligiable to be drafted and an inducted into the United States Armed Forces. Of course his teachings at the NOI meetings had really taught him a lot about the world around him.. So when he was alerted by this he stood his ground and declared he wasn't going to serve in the army. He stated that he was taught by the honorable Elijah Muhammad(October 7th,1987-February 25th,1875) that,"War is against the teachings of the holy Qu'ran.I'm not trying to dodge the draft.We are not supposed to take part in no war execpt for when Allah or The messenger. We dont take part in Christian wars or any unbelievers." Also he stated in an interview that,"My concious wont let me go shoot my brother or some darker people or some poor hungry people who live in the mud for big powerful America and for what?!, They never called me a nigger or

The Code of Justinian (Codex Justinianus)

The Code of Justinian (Codex Justinianus) The Code of Justinian (in Latin, Codex Justinianus) is a substantial collection of laws compiled under the sponsorship of Justinian I, ruler of the Byzantine Empire. Although the laws passed during Justinians reign would be included, the Codex was not a completely new legal code, but an aggregation of existing laws, portions of the historic opinions of great Roman legal experts, and an outline of law in general. Work began on the Code shortly after Justinian took the throne in 527. While much of it was completed by the mid-530s, because the Code included new laws, parts of it were regularly revised to include those new laws, up until 565. There were four books that comprised the Code: Codex Constitutionum, the Digesta, the Institutiones and the Novellae Constitutiones Post Codicem. The Codex Constitutionum The Codex Constitutionum was the first book to be compiled. In the first few months of Justinians reign, he appointed a commission of ten jurists to review all the laws, rulings and decrees issued by the emperors. They reconciled contradictions, weeded out obsolete laws, and adapted archaic laws to their contemporary circumstances. In 529 the results of their efforts were published in 10 volumes and disseminated throughout the empire. All imperial laws not contained in the Codex Constitutionum were repealed. In 534 a revised codex was issued that incorporated the legislation Justinian had passed in the first seven years of his reign. This Codex Repetitae Praelectionis was comprised of 12 volumes. The  Digesta The Digesta (also known as the Pandectae) was begun in 530 under the direction of Tribonian, an esteemed jurist appointed by the emperor. Tribonian created a commission of 16 attorneys who combed through the writings of every recognized legal expert in imperial history. They culled whatever they though was of legal value and selected one extract (and occasionally two) on each legal point. They then combined them into an immense collection of 50 volumes, subdivided into segments according to subject. The resulting work was published in 533. Any juridical statement that wasnt included in the Digesta was not considered binding, and in future it would no longer be a valid basis for legal citation. The  Institutiones When Tribonian (along with his commission) had finished the Digesta, he turned his attention to the Institutiones. Pulled together and published in about a year, the Institutiones was a basic textbook for beginning law students. It was based on earlier texts, including some by the great Roman jurist Gaius, and provided a general outline of legal institutions. The  Novellae Constitutiones Post Codicem After the revised Codex was published in 534, the last publication, the Novellae Constitutiones Post Codicem was issued. Known simply as the Novels in English, this publication was a collection of the new laws the emperor had issued himself. It was reissued regularly until Justinians death. With the exception of the Novels, which were almost all written in Greek, the Code of Justinian was published in Latin. The Novels also had Latin translations for the western provinces of the empire. The Code of Justinian would be highly influential through much of the Middle Ages, not only with the Emperors of Eastern Rome, but with the rest of Europe.   Resources and Further Reading Grapel, William.  The Institutes of Justinian: with the Novel as to Successions. Lawbook Exchange, Ltd., 2010.Mears, T. Lambert, et al.  Analysis of M. Ortolans Institutes of Justinian, Including the History and Generalization of Roman Law. Lawbook Exchange, 2008.

Working as General Practitioner How You Stop smoking in pregnant women Essay

Working as General Practitioner How You Stop smoking in pregnant women ( health Promotion cessation of smoking During Pregnency) - Essay Example The use of tobacco and oral contraceptives often leads to stroke, venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. There is also a growing awareness of the smoking that occurs during pregnancy. Smoking during pregnancy has been associated with growth retardation of the fetus, increased infant death rate and sudden infant death syndrome. Not only does smoking by-products pass through the placental barrier but they also are transmitted to the baby in breast milk. Breast milk production is also often decreased when mom smokes. Statistics show that mothers who smoke are less likely to breast feed. [1] Therefore both mothers and babies miss out on the importance of this process. Infants who have been exposed to tobacco have an increased risk of low birth weight and death at the time of birth. Low birth weight babies can also be very prone to a number of disorders including learning disabilities, diminished attention span, and increased risk of medical problems. [1] There are also a number of birth defects that are associated with smoking during pregnancy. Those include cleft lip/palate, clubfoot and limb defects. Children’s risks continue with increased childhood infection, bronchitis, negative impact on the overall respiratory health and lung development. It causes a reduction in pulmonary function and development which affects ability to exercise later in life. Last, the fact that mother smokes increases the risk that the child will be a smoker. [1] Haslam and Draper (2001) published a white paper on the need to stop smoking in pregnancy. The Secretaries of State for Health published in 1998 a paper that was reviewed by Haslam. The target set at that time was to reduce the amount of smokers during pregnancy by 15% by the year of 2010. At the time semi-structured interviews were held with pregnant women who smoke in one practice. There were 40 participants. The aim was to understand what motivates someone who is pregnant to smoke. The age range of the

Reduce your excessive consumption of paper and contribute with the Essay

Reduce your excessive consumption of paper and contribute with the environment and community - Essay Example However, there are alternatives to using excessive amounts of paper. Such alternatives are using both sides of the paper, or simply received documents online instead of taking up paper. The government needs to take the lead in combating unnecessary paper consumption by offering incentives to those who are environmentally friendly. Another way that the government can have an effect is to implement laws to reduce paper consumption. Paper manufacturing occurs in many different parts of the world and has a number of impacts on the environment. One of these impacts is how it affects the planet, because paper manufacturing is an extremely energy intensive process. About half of the total energy used is in the pulping process, in addition to rolling and drying the pulp into paper. In 1973, the amount of energy needed to make one ream (500 sheets) of copy paper was equal to 3.7 gallons of gasoline. Because of today’s advanced technologies, the energy used to make the same amount of pa per takes up just two gallons of gasoline (Zaida, 2000). According to the U.S. Toxic Release Inventory Report published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), pulp and paper mills are among the worst polluters to air, water, and land of any industry in the country (Martin, 2010). The principal concern for the industry is the chemicals that are used for this process, such as chlorine-based bleaches and the resultant toxic emissions to the air, water, and soil. Almost 4 billion trees or 35 percent of the total trees cut around the world are used in paper industries on every continent (Martin, 2010). We use paper in many different ways—tissue paper, cardboard packaging, stereo speakers, electrical plugs, home insulation, and in the sole inserts in tennis shoes. In short, paper is everywhere. The percentage of paper consumption is growing every year in conjunction with an increasing population. However, there are alternatives to preventing the excessive consumption of paper. One of these choices is to use both sides of print paper. This is one way to help save Mother Earth without having to join Greenpeace or start holding protest marches in your neighborhood. If your information is irrelevant and does not require formality, the information may be printed on both sides of the paper, not only to avoid the high consumption of energy and the harmful chemicals to nature, but also to save money for the cost of purchasing of paper (Arkin, 2010).   Another method is to take your name off mailing lists. It is estimated that over 700 million tons of mail is created each year via mailing lists and direct mailings (â€Å"Ways,† 2011). Contacting the Direct Marketing Association (DMA) and registering with their Mail Preference Service provides an effective way for you to fight unwanted junk mail. The DMA does not provide marketers with consumer mailing lists or carry out consumer mailings. You should avoid joining mailing lists by taking the precau tion of not sending a form with your name and address to anyone. When filling out a form, such as a warranty, subscription, raffle, customer information card, credit card application, and membership for an organization, add the phrase "please do not rent, sell, or trade my name or address" next to the other information provided. The sales representative will then identify your name and preference in their computer. Yet another way to fight excessive paper consumption